Table of Feelings present in the book of Jeremiah
The following table lists most of the textual references for words explicitly related to feelings in the text of Jeremiah.
| Feeling | Hebrew (root form) | Verse References |
|---|---|---|
| wrath/insolence1 | עברה (`brh) | Jeremiah 7:29; 48:30 |
| anger/wrath | חמה (ḥmh) | Jeremiah 4:4; 6:11; 7:20; 10:25; 18:20; 21:5,12; 23:19; 25:15; 30:23; 32:31,37; 33:5; 36:7; 42:18; 44:6; |
| anger | (אפ (+ חרון (ʼp + ḥrwn) | Jeremiah 2:35; 4:8, 26; 7:20; 10:24; 12:13; 15:14-15; 17:4; 18:23; 21:5; 23:20; 25:37-38; 30:24; 32:31,37; 33:5; 36:7; 42:18; 44:6; 49:37; 51:45; 52:3.2 |
| anger/wrath | מקצפ (mqṣp) | Jeremiah 10:10; 21:5; 32:37; 37:15;3 50:13 |
| to anger4 | כעס (k`s) | Jeremiah 7:18-19; 8:19; 11:17; 25:6-7; 32:29-30,32; 44:3,8 |
| indignation | זעם (z`m) | Jeremiah 10:10; 15:17; 50:25 |
| to be sick/weary5 | חלה (ḥlh) | Jeremiah 4:31; 5:3; 10:19; 12:13; 14:17; 26:19; 30:12 |
| weary | לאה (lʼh) | Jeremiah 6:11, 9:5(4);6 12:5, 15:6; 20:9 |
| distress/anguish | צרה (ṣrh) | Jeremiah 4:31; 6:24; 14:8; 15:11; 16:19; 30:7; 49:24; 50:43 |
| anguish | מעה (m`h) | Jeremiah 4:19 (twice); 30:20 |
| to be ashamed | יבש (ybš) | Jeremiah 2:26,36; 6:15; 8:9,12; 9:19(18); 12:13; 14:3-4; 15:9; 17:13,18; 20:11; 22:22; 31:19; 46:24; 48:1,13,20,39; 49:23; 50:2,12; 51:17,47,51 |
| to be humiliated | כלם (klm) | Jeremiah 3:3; 6:15; 8:12; 14:3; 22:22; 31:19 |
| to have compassion | רחם (rḥm) | Jeremiah 6:23; 12:15; 13:14; 21:7; 30:18; 31:20 (twice); 33:26; 42:12; 50:42 |
| rejoicing — noun | ששון (śśwn) | Jeremiah 7:34; 15:16; 16:9; 25:10; 31:13; 33:9, 117 |
| joy — noun | שמחה (śmḥh) | Jeremiah 7:34; 15:16; 16:9; 25:10; 31:7; 33:11; 48:338 |
| Voice [sound] of joy and rejoicing (phrase) | קול ששון וקול שמחה (qwl śśwn wqwl śmḥh) | Jeremiah 16:9; 25:10; 33:10 |
| to sing for joy; | רנן (rnn) | Jeremiah 31:7, 12; 51:48 |
| sorrow/grief | יגון (ygwn) | Jeremiah 8:18; 20:18; 31:13;9 45:3 |
| lamentation | קינה (qynh) | Jeremiah 7:29; 9:10(9), 20-21(19-20) |
| wailing | נהי (nhy) | Jeremiah 9:10(9), 18(17), 19(18), 20(19); 31:15 |
| to weep | בכה (bkh) | Jeremiah 9:1 (8:23), 13:17, 22:10, 41:6, 50:4 |
| weeping | בכי (bky) | Jeremiah 3:21; 9:10(9); 31:9,10 15, 16; 48:5 (twice); 48:32 |
| to cry (out) | זעק (z`q) | Jeremiah 48:20; 31 |
| wail | ילל (yll) | Jeremiah 4:8; 25:34, 36;11 47:2; 48:20, 31, 39; 49:3; 51:8 |
| to lament | ספד (spd) | Jeremiah 4:8; 16:4, 5, 6; 22:18 (twice); 25:33; 34:5; 49:312 |
| lament | מספד (mspd) | Jeremiah 6:26; 48:38 |
| pain | כאב (k‘b) | Jeremiah 15:18 |
| pain, sorrow | מכאב (mkʼb) | Jeremiah 30:15; 45:3; 51:8 |
| wound | מכּה (mkkh) | Jeremiah 6:7: 10:19; 14:17; 15:18; 19:8; 30:12, 14, 17: 49:17; 50:13 |
| be astonished, appalled (qal),desolate (niphal, hiphil) | שמם (shmm) | Jeremiah 2: 12; 4:9; 10:25; 49:20; 50:45;13 12:11; 33:10;14 18:16: 19:8; 49:17; 50:13 |
| tears | דמעה (dm`h) | Jeremiah 9:2(1), 19(18); 13:17; 14:17; 31:16 |
1 Baloian’s Anger in the Old Testament was helpful in pointing out references on all the terms related to anger.
2 Although most of the occurrences of אפ (ʼp) have to do with anger, a few, like 2:35, have to do with turning one’s face away. Those references that specifically speak of anger burning (אפ + חרון ['p + ḥrwn]) are the following: 4:8, 26; 12:13; 25:37, 38 (twice); 30:24; 49:37; 51:45.
3 This is actually a verbal form of anger, while the rest are not acting as verbs in the sentences. It is unique in that the anger expressed is by the people who attack Jeremiah instead of being expressed by the LORD.
4 Most forms of the verb are in the hip’il infinitive construct form with a first common singular pronominal suffix.
5 Although not all cases of weariness and humiliation are related to feelings (e.g., Jer 12:13 is merely talking about the weariness involved in doing hard labour), these emotion laden words often convey a sense of sadness.
6 The verse references are from the English text, which differs from the Masoretic numbering by one verse for ch. 9. The different numbering for the Hebrew verses are placed in brackets.
7 About half of the references refer to rejoicing being forbidden or taken away (7:34; 16:9; 25:10).
8 As with the references to rejoicing, about half the references refer to joy being forbidden or taken away (7:34; 16:9; 25:10; 48:33).
9 Jeremiah 31:13 speaks of sorrow going away (and being replaced by joy).
10 The weeping in Jer 31:9 is more a sign of joy than sorrow.
11 In Jer 25:36, ילל (yll) is found in the noun form.
12 The verb ספד (spd) is most often found in the negative (16:4, 5, 6; 22:18; 25:33).
13 The use of the hip’il in 10:25; 49:20 and 50:45 gives the verbal form the sense of being desolate, and thus, even though desolation would most likely have an emotional response, this reference will not be used in the text, as it is not directly linked to a feeling.
14 Similar to 10:25, the use of the niphal verbal form in 12:11 and 33:10 gives the verbs a sense of desolation as opposed to one of astonishment, and these references will not be used further in this text.
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